While there is increasing acknowledgement of the crisis of water for cities as much as for all parts of the country, it is generally being addressed in silos by the different domains of water systems. Water supply systems, waste water treatment systems, and public health interventions have been largely studied as independent elements and measures designed accordingly. Urban planners need to give more attention to the challenge of integration of water supply system, waste water treatment system, and their public health implications. As the water crisis is deepening across urban and rural areas, and rural areas in India, availability and quality of water, drainage and treatment of waste water need a higher priority from state as well as society.